Comparison of the performance of Imam ʿAlī (as) and Muʿāwiya In establishing security in the Islamic caliphate

Author

phd in Iranian history from the Islamic period, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin

10.22081/csa.2025.70806.1202

Abstract

Security in the military, economic, social and individual dimensions is the natural right of the people of society. Governments must achieve security in their countries with the correct methods. Throughout history, some rulers, such as Muʿāwiya, have tried to create security to protect personal interests and only in the military dimension. Some rulers, such as Imam Ali, also tried to establish the security of society in all dimensions. The main issue of the study is what were the similarities and distinctions between the establishment of security in the era of Imam ʿAlī and Muʿāwiya? The similarity between the two rulers seems to have prevented foreign enemies from invading Islamic lands. Imam ʿAlī  (as) had created security based on the example of divine laws to protect the people and the Islamic community in all its dimensions, while Muʿāwiya had made it his main priority to maintain the security of the Umayyad by conducting conquests, creating terror and bullying. This article analyzed the issue using a comparative method of various dimensions and showed that Imam ʿAlī (as) with a Qur'anic attitude was accompanied by Justice and despite the opposition of the nobles, the continuation of the path of the Prophet (PBUH) was trying to ensure the security of all Muslims, while security in the eyes of the Muʿāwiya was only the maintenance of the power and stability of the Umayyad.
 

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