Recreation of the Doctrine of Justice in the Sīrah of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) Based on Mircea Eliade's Theory of the Sacred Archetype

Justice has been one of the oldest doctrines of religions throughout history. Based on the text of the Holy Qur'an, the implementation of justice in societies is considered one of the goals of religion. Therefore, in Islam, the doctrine of justice has been recognized as one of the earliest theoretical and practical discussions; so much so that the Qadariyyah intellectual group formed among Muslims in the early centuries of the Hijra based on the idea of Divine Justice. Despite this, disagreement over the definition of the concept of justice led to the formation of two theological schools among the theologians, the `Adliyyah and the Non-`Adliyyah. Amidst this, the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) employed a unique method to recreate the doctrine of justice. The attention of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) to this matter indicates their consideration of the social and political conditions of the community in articulating the doctrine of justice. Therefore, the question arises: How was the doctrine of justice recreated in the Sīrah of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS), and what method did they use to expand upon it? Utilizing a historical descriptive and analytical method and based on Mircea Eliade's theory of the Sacred Archetype, the claim is that the recreation of the doctrine of justice in the Sīrah of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) was achieved by embodying the three concepts of "Successor", "Martyr", and "The Riser" into three concrete archetypes Imām Alī (AS), Imām Ḥussein (AS), and Imām Mahdī (AS). The research finding is that the establishment of the three rituals—Eid al-Ghadīr, Day of ʿĀshūrā, and Mid-Sha'bān (Nīme-ye Sha'bān)—in the Sīrah of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) served as a strategy for returning to the primordial sacred time.