نویسنده
دانشیار گروه تاریخ دانشگاه اراک
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسنده [English]
The event of Saqīfah and its consequences turned the issue of imamate into one of the most fundamental intellectual and political challenges in Islamic history, leading to diverse interpretations regarding the legitimacy of religious leadership. Meanwhile, the Zaydīs, an important Shi‘i movement, offered a distinct interpretation of the imamate, emphasizing qiyām bi-l-sayf (armed uprising) and the imamate practical conditions. This study conducted using a descriptive-analytical approach to consider the evolution of imamate legitimacy in Zaydi thought based on Max Weber’s legitimacy theory. It demonstrates that the Zaydīs distanced from the divine model of imamate and moved toward a form of expediency-based legitimacy influenced by the political and social circumstances following the Umayyad period and interaction with Mu‘tazilī verbal principles. Findings indicate that although the Zaydīs perceived Imam Ali (AS) as the most superior of the companions and the most deserving for leadership at the doctrinal level, they nevertheless accepted the imamate of mafdūl (less-deserved candidate) and politically justified the caliphate of the Sheikhs to reconcile religious merit with the realities of political power. Over time, this process led to a moderation of the imamate position and redefinition of legitimacy in Zaydi thought, such that imamate turned to a political institution with reformatory and revolutionary functions rather than a divinely and sacred designated office.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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